Ah112 Introduction to Art History Ii Summer 2 2018

Modernism in the arts refers to the rejection of the Victorian era'due south traditions and the exploration of industrial-age, real-life bug, and combines a rejection of the past with experimentation, sometimes for political purposes. Stretching from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, Modernism reached its peak in the 1960s; Post-modernism describes the flow that followed during the 1960s and 1970s. Post-modernism is a dismissal of the rigidity of Modernism in favor of an "annihilation goes" approach to subject matter, processes and textile.

MODERNISM IN ART

Monet painting in his garden in Argenteuil by Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

The shift to modernism can exist partly credited to new freedoms enjoyed by artists in the late 1800s. Traditionally, a painter was commissioned by a patron to create a specific piece of work. The late 19th century witnessed many artists capable of seizing more time to pursue subjects in their personal involvement.

At the aforementioned time, the growing field of psychology turned the analysis of human experiences in and encouraged a more abstract kind of science, which inspired the visual arts to follow.

With shifts in applied science creating new materials and techniques in art-making, experimentation became more than possible and also gave the resulting piece of work a wider achieve. Printing advances in the belatedly 1800s meant posters of artwork widened the public's awareness of art and pattern and ferried experimental ideas into the popular culture.

Officially debuting in 1874, Impressionism is considered the first Modernist art movement. With leaders like Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, the Impressionists utilise of brief, fierce brush strokes and the altering upshot of light separated their piece of work from what came earlier it. The Impressionists' focus on modernistic scenes was a straight rejection of classical subject matter.

Subsequent movements such every bit Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Constructivism, and De Stijl were merely a sampling of those post-obit the experimental path started by Impressionism.

DADA

A woman looks at 'Fountain' by Marcel Duchamp during a press preview of an exhibition at the Barbican Art Gallery in London, England. (Credit: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)

The Dada movement took experimentation further by rejecting traditional skill and launching an all-out fine art rebellion that embraced nonsense and applesauce. Dadaist ideas starting time appeared in 1915, and the motion was made official in 1918 with its Berlin Manifesto.

French artist Marcel Duchamp exemplified the haughty playfulness of the Dadaists. His 1917 slice Fountain, a signed porcelain urinal, and his 1919 50.H.O.O.Q., a print of Leonardo da Vinci'south Mona Lisa with a mustache penciled over it, both turn their dorsum on the very idea of creating art. In doing and then, Duchamp predicted Post-Modernism.

Abstract Expressionism

Creative person Jackson Pollock working in his studio. (Credit: Martha Holmes/The LIFE Moving picture Collection/Getty Images)

Modernism reached its peak with Abstruse Expressionism, which began in the late 1940s in the United States. Moving away from commonplace subjects and techniques, Abstruse Expressionism was known for oversized canvasses and paint splashes that could seem chaotic and arbitrary.

Each Abstract Expressionist work functioned as both a document of the artist's hidden and a map of the concrete movements required to create the fine art. Painter Jackson Pollack became famous for his method of dripping paint onto canvas from above.

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NEO DADA AND Popular Fine art

Painted Bronze (Ballantine Ale) past Jasper Johns. (Credit: Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo)

The transition flow between Modernism and Post-Modernism happened throughout the 1960s. Pop Art served every bit a bridge betwixt them. Pop Fine art was obsessed with the fruits of capitalism and pop culture, like lurid fiction, celebrities and consumer appurtenances.

Begun in England in the late 1950s but popularized in America, the movement was informed by quondam Abstract Expressionists similar Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, who had metamorphosed into the Neo-Dada move of the tardily 1950s.

Rauschenberg's 1960 sculpture of Ballantine Ale cans pre-dated Popular artist Andy Warhol's famous Campbell's Soup cans. Warhol gained further fame from his haunting silk screen portraits, most famously of celebrities such equally Marilyn Monroe, while Pop Art compatriot Roy Lichtenstein plundered comic book panels for his paintings.

POST-MODERNISM

Post-modernism, every bit information technology appeared in the 1970s, is oft linked with the philosophical move Poststructuralism, in which philosophers such equally Jacques Derrida proposed that structures inside a culture were artificial and could be deconstructed in order to exist analyzed.

As a result, there was little to unite Mail service-Modern art other than the thought that "anything goes" and the preponderance of unusual materials and mechanical processes for expression that feel impersonal, though oft employ sense of humor.

At the centre of Postal service-Modernism was conceptual art, which proposed that the significant or purpose behind the making of the fine art was more important than the art itself. There was also the belief that anything could be used to make art, that fine art could take any form, and that there should be no differentiation betwixt high art and low art, or fine art and commercial art.

Artist Jean-Michel paints in St. Moritz, Switzerland,1983. (Credit: Lee Jaffe/Getty Images)

Post-modern work in the 1970s was sometimes derided as "art for art's sake," but it gave rise to the acceptance of a host of new approaches. Among these new forms were Earth art, which creates work on natural landscapes; Performance art; Installation art, which considers an entire infinite rather than just one piece; Procedure art, which stressed the making of the piece of work as more important than the event; and Video fine art, as well as movements based effectually feminist and minority art.

The 1980s saw the rise of appropriation as a much-used practice. Painters like Jean-Michael Basquiat and Keith Haring directly mimicked graffiti styles, while artists like Sherrie Levine lifted the actual work of other artists to employ in their creations. In 1981, Levine photographed a Walker Evans photo and represented it as a new piece of work questioning the very idea of an original photo.

Mail service-modern art has since become less defined by the form the fine art takes and more determined by the creative person creating the piece of work. American creative person Jenny Holzer, who came to prominence in the 1970s with her conceptual art fabricated from language, embodies this model.

Holzer's "Truisms" are deceptively elementary sentences that communicate complicated, ofttimes contradictory, ideas, such as "Protect me from what I want." She has also produced a body of piece of work from the American authorities's apply of torture during the Iraq War. Holzer's curation of text, rather than any visual motif, is the consistent attribute uniting her work.

Some art historians believe the Post-Modern era ended at the beginning of the 21st Century and refer to the following period as Post Postal service-Modern.

SOURCES

History of Modern Art. H.H. Arnason and Marla F. Prather.
Mod Art: Impressionism To Post-Modernism. Edited by David Britt.
Art of the Western World. Michael Woods.
What Is Modernistic Art? Metropolitan Museum of Fine art.
Modernism. Tate.

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Source: https://www.history.com/topics/art-history/history-of-modernism-and-post-modernism

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