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Mother Teresa was the founder of the Society of the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic congregation of women dedicated to helping the poor. Considered one of the 20th Century's greatest humanitarians, she was canonized as Saint Teresa of Calcutta in 2016.

Who Was Mother Teresa?

Nun and missionary Mother Teresa, known in the Cosmic church equally Saint Teresa of Calcutta, devoted her life to caring for the sick and poor. Born in Macedonia to parents of Albanian-descent and having taught in Bharat for 17 years, Mother Teresa experienced her "call inside a call" in 1946. Her order established a hospice; centers for the blind, aged and disabled; and a leper colony.

In 1979, Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work. She died in September 1997 and was beatified in Oct 2003. In Dec 2015, Pope Francis recognized a 2nd miracle attributed to Female parent Teresa, clearing the way for her to be canonized on September iv, 2016.

Mother Teresa at a hospice for the destitute and dying in Kolkata (Calcutta), Republic of india, 1969.

Photo: Terry Fincher/Hulton Annal/Getty Images

Mother Teresa's Family and Young Life

Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910, in Skopje, the current capital of the Commonwealth of Macedonia. The following twenty-four hour period, she was baptized as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu.

Mother Teresa'due south parents, Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu, were of Albanian descent; her father was an entrepreneur who worked as a construction contractor and a trader of medicines and other goods. The Bojaxhius were a devoutly Catholic family, and Nikola was deeply involved in the local church every bit well as in city politics every bit a vocal proponent of Albanian independence.

In 1919, when Female parent Teresa — and then Agnes — was merely eight years old, her father of a sudden fell sick and died. While the cause of his death remains unknown, many have speculated that political enemies poisoned him.

In the aftermath of her father's death, Agnes became extraordinarily close to her female parent, a pious and compassionate woman who instilled in her daughter a deep delivery to charity. Although by no means wealthy, Drana Bojaxhiu extended an open up invitation to the metropolis'southward destitute to dine with her family. "My kid, never eat a unmarried mouthful unless y'all are sharing it with others," she counseled her daughter. When Agnes asked who the people eating with them were, her mother uniformly responded, "Some of them are our relations, but all of them are our people."

Didactics and Nunhood

Agnes attended a convent-run main school and then a state-run secondary school. Equally a girl, she sang in the local Sacred Eye choir and was often asked to sing solos. The congregation made an annual pilgrimage to the Church of the Blackness Madonna in Letnice, and it was on one such trip at the age of 12 that she first felt a calling to religious life. Six years afterwards, in 1928, an 18-year-old Agnes Bojaxhiu decided to become a nun and set off for Ireland to join the Sisters of Loreto in Dublin. It was in that location that she took the proper noun Sis Mary Teresa afterward Saint Thérèse of Lisieux.

A year later, Sis Mary Teresa traveled on to Darjeeling, India, for the novitiate period; in May 1931, she made her Get-go Profession of Vows. Subsequently, she was sent to Calcutta, where she was assigned to teach at Saint Mary's High School for Girls, a schoolhouse run by the Loreto Sisters and defended to educational activity girls from the city'south poorest Bengali families. Sister Teresa learned to speak both Bengali and Hindi fluently equally she taught geography and history and dedicated herself to alleviating the girls' poverty through education.

On May 24, 1937, she took her Final Profession of Vows to a life of poverty, guiltlessness and obedience. Every bit was the custom for Loreto nuns, she took on the title of "Mother" upon making her concluding vows and thus became known as Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa continued to teach at Saint Mary's, and in 1944 she became the school'southward main. Through her kindness, generosity and unfailing delivery to her students' education, she sought to lead them to a life of devotion to Christ. "Give me the strength to exist ever the light of their lives, and so that I may lead them at last to you," she wrote in prayer.

'Call Within a Call'

On September x, 1946, Mother Teresa experienced a second calling, the "call within a call" that would forever transform her life. She was riding in a train from Calcutta to the Himalayan foothills for a retreat when she said Christ spoke to her and told her to abandon teaching to work in the slums of Calcutta aiding the city's poorest and sickest people.

Since Mother Teresa had taken a vow of obedience, she could not go out her convent without official permission. Afterwards near a year and a half of lobbying, in January 1948 she finally received approval to pursue this new calling. That Baronial, donning the bluish-and-white sari that she would wear in public for the rest of her life, she left the Loreto convent and wandered out into the metropolis. After vi months of basic medical grooming, she voyaged for the first time into Calcutta'south slums with no more specific a goal than to aid "the unwanted, the unloved, the uncared for."

Missionaries of Clemency

Mother Teresa rapidly translated her calling into physical actions to help the metropolis'southward poor. She began an open-air school and established a home for the dying destitute in a dilapidated building she convinced the metropolis government to donate to her cause. In October 1950, she won approved recognition for a new congregation, the Missionaries of Charity, which she founded with just a handful of members—near of them former teachers or pupils from St. Mary's School.

As the ranks of her congregation swelled and donations poured in from around India and across the globe, the scope of Female parent Teresa's charitable activities expanded exponentially. Over the course of the 1950s and 1960s, she established a leper colony, an orphanage, a nursing home, a family clinic and a string of mobile health clinics.

In 1971, Mother Teresa traveled to New York City to open her first American-based house of charity, and in the summer of 1982, she secretly went to Beirut, Lebanon, where she crossed between Christian E Beirut and Muslim Westward Beirut to aid children of both faiths. In 1985, Female parent Teresa returned to New York and spoke at the 40th anniversary of the Un Full general Assembly. While there, she also opened Gift of Love, a home to intendance for those infected with HIV/AIDS.

Mother Teresa's Awards and Recognition

In February 1965, Pope Paul Half-dozen bestowed the Prescript of Praise upon the Missionaries of Charity, which prompted Mother Teresa to begin expanding internationally. By the time of her death in 1997, the Missionaries of Charity numbered more than 4,000 — in addition to thousands more lay volunteers — with 610 foundations in 123 countries effectually the world.

The Decree of Praise was just the beginning, as Mother Teresa received various honors for her tireless and constructive charity. She was awarded the Jewel of Bharat, the highest honor bestowed on Indian civilians, likewise as the at present-defunct Soviet Wedlock'southward Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Committee. In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of her work "in bringing help to suffering humanity."

Criticism of Mother Teresa

Despite this widespread praise, Mother Teresa's life and piece of work have non gone without its controversies. In particular, she has drawn criticism for her vocal endorsement of some of the Catholic Church'south more controversial doctrines, such as opposition to contraception and abortion. "I experience the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion," Mother Teresa said in her 1979 Nobel lecture.

In 1995, she publicly advocated a "no" vote in the Irish referendum to end the state's constitutional ban on divorce and remarriage. The virtually scathing criticism of Mother Teresa can be found in Christopher Hitchens' volume The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice, in which Hitchens argued that Female parent Teresa glorified poverty for her own ends and provided a justification for the preservation of institutions and beliefs that sustained widespread poverty.

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When and How Mother Teresa Died

Later several years of deteriorating health, including eye, lung and kidney problems, Mother Teresa died on September five, 1997, at the age of 87.

Mother Teresa's Letters

In 2003, the publication of Mother Teresa's individual correspondence caused a wholesale re-evaluation of her life past revealing the crisis of faith she suffered for virtually of the last l years of her life.

In one despairing alphabetic character to a confidant, she wrote, "Where is my Faith—fifty-fifty deep down right in in that location is zilch, only emptiness & darkness—My God—how painful is this unknown pain—I have no Faith—I cartel not utter the words & thoughts that crowd in my heart—& make me suffer untold agony." While such revelations are shocking considering her public epitome, they have besides made Female parent Teresa a more than relatable and human being figure to all those who experience doubt in their beliefs.

Mother Teresa's Miracles and Canonization

In 2002, the Vatican recognized a miracle involving an Indian woman named Monica Besra, who said she was cured of an abdominal tumor through Mother Teresa'due south intercession on the one-year anniversary of her expiry in 1998. She was beatified (alleged in sky) as "Blessed Teresa of Calcutta" on October nineteen, 2003, by Pope John Paul Ii.

On Dec 17, 2015, Pope Francis issued a decree that recognized a second miracle attributed to Mother Teresa, immigration the mode for her to be canonized equally a saint of the Roman Cosmic Church building. The second miracle involved the healing of Marcilio Andrino, a Brazilian man who was diagnosed with a viral brain infection and lapsed into a coma. His wife, family unit and friends prayed to Female parent Teresa, and when the human being was brought to the operating room for emergency surgery, he woke upward without pain and was cured of his symptoms, according to a statement from the Missionaries of Charity Father.

Mother Teresa was canonized equally a saint on September four, 2016, a day earlier the 19th ceremony of her death. Pope Francis led the canonization mass, which was held in St. Peter's Square in Vatican city. Tens of thousands of Catholics and pilgrims from around the earth attended the canonization to celebrate the woman who had been called "the saint of the gutters" during her lifetime because of her charitable work with the poor.

"After due deliberation and frequent prayer for divine assistance, and having sought the counsel of many of our brother bishops, we declare and define Blessed Teresa of Calcutta to be a saint, and we enroll her amid the saints, decreeing that she is to be venerated equally such past the whole church building," Pope Francis said in Latin.

The Pope spoke about Mother Teresa'southward life of service in the homily. "Mother Teresa, in all aspects of her life, was a generous dispenser of divine mercy, making herself available for everyone through her welcome and defense of human life, those unborn and those abandoned and discarded," he said. "She bowed down before those who were spent, left to die on the side of the road, seeing in them their God-given dignity. She made her vox heard before the powers of this world, so that they might recognize their guilt for the crime of poverty they created."

He too told the faithful to follow her example and practice compassion. "Mercy was the salt which gave season to her work, it was the light which shone in the darkness of the many who no longer had tears to shed for their poverty and suffering," he said, adding. "May she be your model of holiness."

Legacy

Since her death, Mother Teresa has remained in the public spotlight. For her unwavering commitment to aiding those most in need, Mother Teresa stands out every bit one of the greatest humanitarians of the 20th century. She combined profound empathy and a fervent commitment to her cause with incredible organizational and managerial skills that allowed her to develop a vast and effective international organization of missionaries to help impoverished citizens all across the earth.

Despite the enormous scale of her charitable activities and the millions of lives she touched, to her dying twenty-four hour period, she held only the most humble formulation of her own achievements. Summing up her life in characteristically self-effacing fashion, Mother Teresa said, "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Cosmic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the earth. Equally to my heart, I vest entirely to the Heart of Jesus."

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Source: https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/mother-teresa

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